The term pressure loss (or pressure drop) stands for the reduction in the total pressure or pressure of a medium as it flows through a system. Pressure drop also describes that energy used to overcome friction caused in a system — such as by the walls of a pipeline or other technical equipment. Measuring and monitoring pressure loss provides information about the efficiency of pneumatic, hydraulic or hydrotechnical systems.
What causes pressure loss? — Low and high pressure loss
The loss of pressure in a system can be caused by several factors. One factor is other components installed in a pipeline, such as orifices, bends, valves, apparatus, pipe constrictions or divisions. In this case, we speak of low pressure loss. Another factor is the basic friction of the liquid or gaseous medium in the system. This pressure loss cannot be avoided and is taken into account when designing the system. In this case, we speak of large pressure loss. The last possibility, whereby a pressure loss can occur, is difficult to take into account. These are unplanned failures and breakdowns in the system itself, such as damage to the pipeline from the outside and the subsequent leakage of the medium.
Why is it important to know the pressure loss in a system?
Pressure drop is an integral part of any system that conveys a fluid. Many systems must run smoothly 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The need for adequate cooling of a reactor core is a case in point. In this case, there are precise specifications as to how much cooling must be provided. The pressure loss is also included in these specifications.
Where else can pressure loss occur?
Most situations with a pressure loss refer to liquid or gaseous media in a pipe, duct or hose system. However, pressure can also be lost in other systems, such as in a tire of a car or bicycle, an inflatable boat filled with air, or in a hot air balloon.
What is pressure?
By the term pressure we mean the force exerted by a body on a surface. It is expressed in pascals (Pa). In most cases, pressure exists in liquid or gaseous media, but solid objects can also exert pressure.
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